Oral Cancer: Genetic or Preventable?

October 26, 2023

Oral cancer affects thousands of people worldwide each year. While the causes of oral cancer can vary, one question that often arises is whether it’s primarily genetic or a preventable disease. So with that in mind, let’s discuss the factors that contribute to oral cancer development, including genetics and lifestyle factors, as well as how you can prevent the disease.

Cancer Can Be Caused by Genetic and Environmental Factors

Both genetic and environmental factors can influence oral cancer. Let’s examine the genetics that can impact oral cancer development. Some individuals may be predisposed to developing oral cancer due to their genetic makeup.

Certain inherited genetic mutations, such as those in the TP53 or CDKN2A genes, can increase the risk of developing this type of cancer [1]. A family history of cancer can also be a potential indicator of genetic susceptibility to oral cancer.

However, although genetic factors can certainly play a role in cancer development, they alone do not determine whether someone gets oral cancer.

Oral Cancer and Lifestyle Choices

Lifestyle choices and environmental exposures play a significant role in its occurrence. One of the most prevalent risk factors for oral cancer is tobacco use, whether through smoking or chewing tobacco [2].

Excessive alcohol consumption, poor oral hygiene, and exposure to certain chemicals or substances, such as asbestos, are also known to increase the risk of developing oral cancer [3].

Furthermore, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been increasingly recognized as contributing to oral cancer [4]. HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause changes in the cells of the mouth and throat, leading to the development of cancer. While not all individuals infected with HPV develop oral cancer, the presence of this virus increases the risk.

Is Oral Cancer Preventable?

Oral cancer can be prevented in many cases [5]. Certain lifestyle modifications can significantly reduce the risk of developing this disease. For example, the most effective preventive measure for oral cancer is avoiding tobacco use. Individuals can greatly reduce their risk by quitting smoking or refraining from chewing tobacco.

You can also limit alcohol consumption, maintain good oral hygiene, and get regular dental check-ups. Your dentist will conduct an annual screening for oral cancer during your visit, which can help detect the condition early.

It may also be worth considering vaccination against HPV, which may help prevent certain types of cancers, including oral cancer. HPV vaccines can protect against several strains of the virus, including those linked to oral cancer. Research also shows that eating a healthy diet may help prevent oral cancer, especially a diet high in fruit and low in alcohol consumption [6].

Keep Your Mouth Healthy

So as we’ve seen, while there is a genetic component to oral cancer, genetics alone do not determine the development of oral cancer. Lifestyle choices, such as avoiding tobacco use, limiting alcohol consumption, and eating healthy, are all vital in preventing oral cancer. By taking proactive measures and making healthier choices, you can reduce your risk of developing oral cancer.