Teeth grinding, also known as bruxism, is a common yet often overlooked dental condition affecting millions of people worldwide. While it may not seem like a big deal, persistent teeth grinding can lead to a range of dangerous side effects.

What are some of the potential consequences of bruxism? Here are the most dangerous side effects of teeth grinding and why you shouldn’t wait to seek treatment.

Tooth Damage and Tooth Loss

One of the most immediate dangers of teeth grinding is tooth damage. Clenching and grinding exert excessive pressure on teeth, which can result in worn-down enamel, chipped or fractured teeth, and even loose teeth and tooth loss [1].

This damage from chronic or severe teeth grinding can lead to the need for extensive dental restorations such as dental implants, dental bonding, or crowns to restore the appearance, health, and function of the teeth.

Higher Risk of Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorders

Teeth grinding can strain the jaw muscles and the temporomandibular joints, which connect the skull to the jawbone on either side of the head. This stress on the TMJ can lead to the development of temporomandibular joint disorders, sometimes called TMJ or TMD.

Symptoms include facial pain, limited jaw movement, clicking or popping sounds when opening or closing the mouth, and chronic headaches. In addition, damaged teeth from bruxism can also contribute to TMJ development and damage to these essential joints [2].

Chronic Headaches and Migraines

Bruxism places significant strain on the jaw muscles. This excessive tension can result in chronic headaches and migraines [3]. Clenching of the teeth can also affect the alignment of the jaw, causing referred pain to the head, face, and even the neck and shoulders, further exacerbating muscle tension and headaches.

Gum Recession and Increased Sensitivity

Teeth grinding can stress periodontal tissue and cause gum inflammation and recession [4]. Gum recession can eventually expose the tooth roots, leaving them vulnerable to decay and sensitivity.

As the protective gum tissue wears away, the teeth become more susceptible to pain and sensitivity from hot or cold foods and beverages. Receding gums can also lead to aesthetic concerns, as they can make teeth look longer or create an uneven gumline and may require gum grafting surgery for restoration.

Increased Risk of Tooth Decay

Since bruxism can wear down tooth enamel, teeth can become more susceptible to tooth decay [5]. The loss of enamel and exposed tooth surfaces make teeth more vulnerable to plaque, which can cause cavities. Combined with the extreme pressure clenching and grinding put on the teeth, tooth decay can exacerbate issues such as loose teeth and damaged dental restorations that bruxism already causes.

Don’t Ignore Your Teeth Grinding Habit

Although teeth grinding is a common problem, its consequences can be severe. Don’t ignore your teeth grinding habit—if you wake up with a sore jaw or teeth or have headaches or gum recession, it’s time to schedule an appointment with your dentist. Early intervention is critical to preventing further damage and protecting your smile!

Sources:
1. https://jada.ada.org/article/S0002-8177(21)00381-0/fulltext
2. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41415-022-4120-2
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5379086/
4.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346730032_FORMATION_OF_THE_GINGIVA
L_RECESSION_IN_PATIENTS_WITH_BRUXISM
5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3081266/