How Stress Leads to Teeth Grinding

When you’re feeling anxious or stressed, your body often responds by tensing your muscles. This tension can manifest anywhere, including in your jaw, causing you to unconsciously clench or grind your teeth. Nighttime bruxism is particularly common because your body processes stress while you sleep, leading to repetitive grinding motions that you may not notice until symptoms appear.

In some cases, daytime grinding can also occur, especially during periods of intense concentration, frustration, or anxiety.

Signs You May Be Grinding Your Teeth

Because bruxism often happens while you sleep, you may be unaware of it until symptoms develop. Some common warning signs include:

• Persistent jaw soreness or tightness
• Morning headaches or earaches
• Increased tooth sensitivity
• Flattened, chipped, or worn-down teeth
• Clicking or popping in the jaw (TMJ issues)
• Disrupted sleep

If you notice any of the above symptoms, it’s important to address them early to prevent more significant damage.

How Bruxism Can Affect Your Oral Health

Chronic teeth grinding can gradually wear down your tooth enamel (the protective outer layer of your teeth), making them more vulnerable to decay and sensitivity. It can also lead to cracks, fractures, or even tooth loss. Additionally, the constant strain on your jaw muscles and joints can contribute to disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), causing chronic pain and limited jaw movement.

Treatment Options for Bruxism

The good news is that bruxism is treatable. Your dentist may recommend a custom night guard to protect your teeth while you sleep and help reduce the impact of grinding. Stress management techniques, such as exercise or meditation, can also help address the root cause of your bruxism.

Other strategies for easing stress include avoiding caffeine before bed, practicing good sleep hygiene, and being mindful of daytime teeth clenching habits. In more advanced cases of bruxism, treatments like muscle relaxants or BOTOX® injections may be used to reduce jaw tension.

Keeping Your Smile Stress-Free

Managing stress is not only important for your overall well-being, but it’s also essential for maintaining a beautiful, healthy smile. By recognizing the signs of bruxism and visiting your dentist for treatment as early as possible, you can prevent long-term damage to your smile and keep your teeth strong and protected.

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A study published in the Journal of Dentistry shows a connection between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and awake bruxism (daytime teeth grinding)  [1].

These findings suggest important implications for dentists when treating patients with jaw pain and oral health issues. Here’s what the study found and what it could mean for patients who have PTSD.

PTSD and Oral Health: Understanding the Connection

The study examined 701 patients with an average age of 46. Researchers found that patients with PTSD were more likely to develop painful TMDs and awake bruxism compared to those without the condition.

Even patients with subthreshold post-traumatic stress symptoms—those who have some symptoms but don’t completely meet the criteria for the disorder—showed higher odds of painful TMD and sleep bruxism than those who had experienced no traumatic events.

Symptom Severity Correlation

One of the most interesting findings of the study was that the more PTSD symptoms a person had, the more likely they were to clench or grind their teeth while awake. In fact, among all the groups studied, people with awake bruxism showed the highest rates of PTSD at 14.7%.

This direct relationship suggests that jaw problems might actually be physical manifestations of psychological distress. Based on these findings, the research team recommends that dentists consider screening for trauma history when patients come in with jaw pain or teeth grinding issues, as addressing the underlying psychological factors could be crucial for successful treatment.

This research supports previous knowledge that jaw clenching and teeth grinding may be linked to emotional symptoms like stress, depression, and anxiety [2].

Clinical Implications for Dental Professionals

The study’s findings suggest that dentists may need to:

• Consider incorporating trauma screening into their patient evaluation protocols, especially for those presenting with TMDs or bruxism.
• Work with mental health specialists, especially for patients with both PTSD and jaw pain, to improve treatment outcomes [3].
• Be more aware of the potential connection between psychological trauma and physical symptoms to allow for more targeted interventions.

Do You Clench or Grind Your Teeth?

As dentists understand more about how psychological factors can contribute to their patients’ symptoms, oral health professionals will play an even bigger role in comprehensive care for patients with both oral health issues and mental health challenges.

If you clench or grind your teeth, don’t wait to make an appointment with your dentist. They can conduct a thorough screening to determine if you suffer from bruxism or TMDs and help you discover your options for long-term oral health and wellness!

Sources:

1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300571225001010?via%3Dihub
2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7793806/
3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19758407/

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While occasional teeth grinding may not seem like a big deal, severe or chronic bruxism can result in significant problems. Let’s take a closer look at the long-term impacts of teeth grinding on your teeth and overall health.

Oral Health Problems

The immense pressure placed on the teeth and jaw muscles during bruxism can lead to a variety of dental issues. Since teeth grinding puts much more pressure on the teeth than it takes to chew food—up to 250 pounds of force—teeth can quickly become damaged [1].

As a result, teeth grinding can cause:

• Worn tooth enamel, leading to a higher risk of cavities and discoloration
• Chipped, cracked, or broken teeth
• Loose teeth and tooth loss
• Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders
• Tooth sensitivity
• Flat teeth that look unnaturally even and make it harder to effectively chew food

Impact on Overall Health

Beyond dental health, bruxism can also impact your overall health. The constant clenching not only affects the jaw but can cause headaches and migraines due to the strain placed on facial muscles. Over time, this can lead to earaches and even chronic pain.

Some people with bruxism also experience tension that radiates out from their jaw to their neck, shoulders, and upper back [2]. What might seem like a muscular issue could actually be a problem with teeth grinding or jaw clenching.

Preventing Long-Term Damage

The best way to prevent long-term damage from teeth grinding is to get regular checkups with your dentist. Your dentist can tell if you grind your teeth by looking for signs of bruxism, like unusual wear patterns on molars or craze lines—superficial lines in the teeth that can happen with repeated teeth clenching or grinding.

Perhaps most importantly, your dentist can help you take action now to prevent permanent damage to your smile, saving you from needing extensive dental work in the future to restore your teeth.

Managing Bruxism

While bruxism has the ability to impact your oral health and quality of life, the good news is that treatment is available. Since bruxism can have multiple causes, it’s essential to work with your dentist to help determine the underlying issue and put steps in place to protect your teeth [3].

Your dentist may recommend:

• A custom mouthguard to wear at night to prevent damage to your teeth
• Stress reduction techniques to reduce stress-related teeth grinding
• Lifestyle changes, like minimizing caffeine and alcohol, which can contribute to teeth grinding
• Orthodontic treatment to fix an improper bite that could contribute to bruxism

Protect Your Teeth From Teeth Grinding

If you suspect you clench or grind your teeth, don’t ignore the problem. Contact your dentist today to schedule an exam to ensure your teeth and gums are healthy. Your dentist can identify signs of bruxism and work with you to implement practical solutions to support your smile for years to come.

Sources:

1. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/bruxism
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482466/
3. http://mouthhealthy.org/all-topics-a-z/teeth-grinding 

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Since TMJ has multiple contributing factors, it’s important to work with a professional to determine what could be causing your discomfort. But is teeth grinding, also called bruxism, a cause of TMJ? Here’s what you need to know about the relationship between these two conditions.

Bruxism Can Cause TMJ Discomfort

Teeth grinding has the potential to cause TMJ symptoms. Research shows sustained teeth clenching is one of the most damaging action to these powerful jaw joints [1]. Since bruxism includes both teeth clenching and grinding, it can influence the development of TMJ.

Intense pressure exerted on the temporomandibular joints—like that seen in bruxism—and the muscles that support them can cause inflammation and tension. This tension can lead to facial pain, headaches, trouble chewing, and other TMJ symptoms.

Bruxism can also lead to unusual wear on the teeth, which can contribute to bite changes over time that may cause an improper bite and lead to TMJ symptoms.

Existing TMJ Issues May Influence Bruxism

The correlation between existing TMJ symptoms and the development of bruxism continues to be investigated. The relationship between these two conditions is even more complex because the symptoms of bruxism and TMJ can overlap. For example, bruxism can cause a sore jaw and headaches, two symptoms of TMJ disorders [2].

However, what we do know is that there is an association between temporomandibular joint disorders and bruxism. If you have symptoms of either of these conditions, it’s important to seek the advice of a dentist experienced in treating both bruxism and TMJ to get a proper diagnosis and develop a treatment plan.

What Can You Do?

Treatment for TMJ depends on what is causing your symptoms. Even if bruxism hasn’t directly led to your TMJ disorder, it may exacerbate muscle tension and discomfort associated with your jaw joints. It’s important to understand that bruxism and TMJ can coexist, potentially without a causal relationship [3].

Comprehensively addressing your symptoms with an experienced professional can help you have the best treatment results. For some, TMJ treatment means correcting a bad bite, avoiding tough foods, or participating in physical therapy to help improve the condition. For others, wearing a nightly mouthguard or undergoing additional treatment for bruxism may help improve their TMJ symptoms.

If you suffer from headaches, jaw pain, or other symptoms of TMJ or bruxism, you don’t have to live with the discomfort. Your dentist can help you reduce your symptoms so you can start feeling better as soon as possible!

Sources:
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5490738/
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7074179/
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3304195/

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Both teeth grinding and jaw clenching can have short and long-term impacts on your oral health and wellbeing—here’s how.

Headaches and Muscle Tension

Teeth grinding and jaw clenching is often associated with the presence of headaches and muscle tension in the head, neck, and face, especially upon waking, but during the day as well [2].

Both headaches and muscle tension are symptoms that can happen short and long-term with jaw clenching. The longer the jaw clenching goes on or the more severe it is, the more likely headaches and muscle tension will result.

If jaw clenching is severe or prolonged, the pain can also feel as though it is radiating out from the jaw to affect the ears, neck, and even the upper back.

Enamel Erosion and Gum Inflammation

Your teeth are meant to sustain wear and tear throughout your life. However, people who clench their jaw have a higher risk of damage to their teeth, including enamel erosion and gum inflammation [3]. Jaw clenching puts unnatural pressure on the teeth and can lead to enamel damage and inflamed periodontal tissue.

Both of these symptoms are often seen in long-term cases of jaw clenching. In severe cases or with repeated jaw clenching over a long period of time, broken or cracked teeth can even result.

Enamel erosion, gum inflammation, and fractured teeth can all result in tooth sensitivity and increase your risk for tooth decay and infections.

Damaged Dental Restorations

Jaw clenching can damage any existing restorations you may have, including fillings, crowns, bridges, veneers, or dentures [4]. Although dental restorations are designed to be sturdy and last for as long as possible, jaw clenching puts such pressure on the teeth that it can cause restorations to warp, chip, or crack.

Damage can happen with both short and long-term clenching habits. Since jaw clenching can shorten the lifespan of dental restorations and cause damage to your natural teeth as well, addressing this issue is imperative to protecting your teeth and ensuring any restorations you have last.

TMJ Symptoms

Clenching your jaw has also been associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms [5]. These symptoms typically show up in long-term cases and can include:

• Difficulty opening your mouth
• Pain in your jaw when speaking or chewing
• Clicking or popping noises when the jaw is in motion
• Muscle tension, stiffness, and pain in the jaw

If you notice you have any of these symptoms in combination with headaches, tooth sensitivity, or even damaged dental restorations, it’s possible you could be clenching or grinding your teeth and not realize it.

Do You Clench Your Jaw?

Clenching your jaw can have many short and long-term impacts to your oral health. Fortunately, you don’t have to suffer the consequences of teeth clenching and grinding. Ask your dentist about your jaw clenching habits during your next checkup to see if you could be damaging your teeth—and if you need a mouthguard to help protect them!

Sources:
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3081266/
2. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2020.564431/full
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2934876/
4. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bruxism/symptoms-causes/syc-
20356095
5. https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/health-info/tmd

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However, if you’ve noticed you have a headache when waking up, an aching jaw, or sensitive teeth, it’s possible that you grind your teeth and are causing damage to your smile without realizing it. What are the consequences of bruxism? They might be more serious than you think!

Tooth Fractures

Due to the immense pressure placed on teeth during teeth grinding, teeth can chip or break. Some people may notice what are called craze lines, or superficial cracks in the teeth that may affect the appearance of your tooth enamel. Others may have a deep crack or severely chipped teeth over time due to teeth grinding. Teeth can also break horizontally, and become worn- down, causing severe tooth sensitivity and the need for restorative dental work such as dental crowns or veneers [1].

Gum Inflammation

Teeth aren’t the only ones affected by bruxism—your gum tissue is impacted as well. In fact, bruxism can cause gum inflammation similar to that seen in gum disease, and can cause gums to pull back from the teeth in a condition called gum recession [2]. It’s suspected that the pressure placed on teeth as well as tooth roots in people with bruxism can cause this inflammation and recession seen in gum tissue.

Jaw Pain

Although occasional teeth grinding may not lead to jaw discomfort, chronic bruxism can cause inflammation and stress on your jaw joints, also called your temporomandibular joints. You may begin experiencing jaw stiffness and soreness, an inability to open your mouth all the way, or a clicking or popping noise when speaking or chewing. All of these are symptoms of TMJ disorders, which have been linked to bruxism [3].

Tooth Loss

If left untreated, chronic bruxism can cause such damage that it can lead to tooth loss. What happens is that gum tissue becomes inflamed, teeth become loose, and the consistent grinding of the teeth can cause teeth to become loose and eventually fall out. Bruxism can also cause damage to the alveolar bone, which is the bone that surrounds your teeth, which can accelerate tooth loss as well [4].

Are You a Teeth Grinder?

Bruxism can be managed and treated to prevent damage to your teeth and gums. If you suspect you grind your teeth, don’t hesitate to reach out to your dentist. Your dentist can also check for signs of teeth grinding during your regular exam. Treatment may be as simple as reducing your caffeine intake, or wearing a mouthguard to protect your teeth!

Sources:
1. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/teeth-grinding/
2. https://www.medicinenet.com/teeth_grinding_bruxism/article.htm
3. https://www.cedars-sinai.org/blog/teeth-grinding.html
4. https://healthcare.utah.edu/the-scope/shows.php?shows=0_xnrbtnca

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Identify Triggers and Reduce Stress

Stress can cause muscle tension and is one of the main causes of bruxism. However, bruxism can also result in teeth grinding, leading to an aching jaw or headaches. Reducing your stress may be a helpful practice in helping to control your bruxism, especially if you experience chronic stress [1]. Part of stress reduction can include identifying your triggers, such as what makes you stressed or angry, in case you grind your teeth during the day without being aware of it. Pay attention to stress triggers throughout your day to see if you can identify any common ones!

Perform Daily Jaw Exercises

For some people, jaw exercises can help release tension in the jaw muscles and may help improve bruxism. Try stretching your jaw gently, opening and closing your mouth while keeping the tip of your tongue pressed to the roof of your mouth near your front teeth. Stretching these muscles daily, especially during times of tension, stress, or other triggers, can be a key component in managing your bruxism [2].

Other exercises you can try include:

• Gently stretching your jaw throughout the day, whether or not you pay attention to
  your tongue position.
• Practice proper posture to prevent tension in your shoulders, neck, and jaw.
• Holding your thumb beneath your chin, putting some pressure on your chin as you open your jaw and hold for a few seconds.

These exercises can also be helpful in conjunction with other treatment for your bruxism!

Consider Physical Therapy or Massage

Physical therapy to help reduce tension in the jaw can help bruxism, especially if you and your dentist have identified stress as the primary cause of your teeth grinding. A physical therapist can also work with you on exercises that are specific to your jaw pain rather than general exercises. Massage therapy can also help when it comes to releasing tension, especially chronic tension in the jaw muscles. You can also try self-massage in the area near your jaw joints, gently massaging to identify tight or sore areas [3].

Follow Up With Your Dentist

There are many factors that can play into teeth grinding, and determining the cause behind your bruxism with the help of your oral healthcare professional is important to find an effective treatment. Follow up with your dentist about your teeth grinding habit to see if you could benefit from a custom mouthguard or other therapy to help protect your smile!

Sources:
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4119714/
2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314652495_Bruxism_Is_There_an_Indicatio
n_for_Muscle-Stretching_Exercises
3. https://exploreim.ucla.edu/wellness/stressed-it-may-take-a-toll-on-your-teeth-explore-
an-integrative-approach-to-managing-bruxism/

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While the TMJ allows pain-free movement of your jaw, for some people, this isn’t the case. Muscle tension, inflammation, and odd noises can all accompany TMJ disorders, in which the joint doesn’t function properly or is painful when moving. Could TMJ disorders be caused by stress and anxiety?

Muscle Tension From Stress Can Trigger TMJ Disorders

It’s certainly possible that anxiety can trigger a TMJ disorder [1]. Anxiety can cause related stress and muscle tension, which can affect the muscles supporting your temporomandibular joints. Anxiety can cause your body to initiate its “fight or flight” response to a real or perceived threat. Your muscles naturally tense when reacting to a threat, but when tensed for too long, such as in chronic stress or anxiety, muscle pain is often the result.

For others, stress can be a “significant” factor in TMJ disorders [2]. Stress can not only lead to muscle tension, but can also increase your risk for teeth grinding, which can also influence the onset of a TMJ disorder. When it come to problems with the jaw, stress and anxiety should always be considered as potential risk factors.

Stress and Anxiety Play Into Other Risk Factors for TMJ

For many, TMJ disorders are caused by a combination of factors, which can all influence each other. Some of the most significant risk factors for TMJ problems include trauma to the jaw, arthritis (which can affect the joints), teeth grinding, and an improper bite [3]. Combined with stress and anxiety, any of the risk factors can lead to a TMJ disorder.

A study of over 4,000 people found that depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are all linked to muscle pain [4]. Why? Authors say these disorders can cause muscle hyperactivity and abnormalities, which can increase pain and inflammation in the body. The result could be problems with your TMJ.

How Should TMJ Caused by Stress and Anxiety Be Treated?

Since TMJ disorders are complex and can be caused by multiple factors in a person’s life, your treatment should be customized based on what’s causing your symptoms. Often, this means having your dentist evaluate your smile for signs of teeth grinding, an improper bite, muscle tension, and other signs that could point to why you’re experiencing TMJ symptoms.

But treatment can also mean evaluating your stress and anxiety levels in your daily life. Often, reducing your stress and properly managing your anxiety can help you better manage your TMJ symptoms and even make other treatments more successful. Do you suffer from TMJ? Make an appointment with your dentist to find out if stress and anxiety could be behind your symptoms!

Sources:
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3556284/
2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6251286/
3. https://www.winchesterhospital.org/health-library/article?id=14128
4. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130116102020.htm

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How is bruxism treated? Here are the top tips to curb your teeth grinding habit before it’s too late!

Consider Quitting Alcohol and Tobacco

People who use tobacco and drink alcohol are twice as likely to grind their teeth as people who don’t [1]. If you grind your teeth, consider quitting tobacco and reducing or eliminating your alcohol consumption to better manage the habit. How exactly these substances influence your risk for teeth grinding isn’t known, but managing your behaviors when it comes to tobacco and alcohol use may help reduce bruxism.

There is even some evidence that suggests caffeine consumption can influence teeth grinding. If you clench or grind your teeth while asleep, eliminating caffeine in the hours before sleep may be helpful in stopping bruxism!

Evaluate Your Stress Levels

Stress is a major factor when it comes to teeth grinding, so better managing your stress may help improve the condition. People who suffer from chronic stress and anxiety are more likely to grind their teeth, so trying different relaxing techniques—whether it’s doing something you enjoy, taking on less at work, or finding additional support in your life—could help reduce or curb your bruxism habit [2].

Get Your Misaligned Teeth Fixed

For some patients, an abnormal bite or misaligned teeth can influence their risk of teeth grinding. When the jaw doesn’t close comfortably, it can place stress on the temporomandibular joints, which could affect bruxism.

While not everyone will need orthodontic treatment to fix these issues, others will. Your dentist can let you know during your consultation whether or not your bite could be affecting your bruxism, as well as what you can do about it.

Talk to Your Dentist About a Custom Mouthguard

While many cases of teeth grinding can be managed by identifying underlying factors that are influencing the condition, it’s important to protect your teeth while you’re getting your bruxism under control. Getting a custom mouthguard is one way to treat your bruxism and prevent damage to your teeth that may be irreversible in the long run [3]. Most dentist practices offer custom mouthguards for patients which are designed to be comfortable for nightly use to protect your smile!

Don’t Ignore Teeth Grinding!

Ignoring teeth grinding won’t make the problem go away. If you suspect you suffer from teeth grinding, or your dentist finds evidence of bruxism during your dental examination, don’t hesitate to begin treating the problem. Your dentist can help you uncover the cause and put a treatment plan in place for your bruxism!

Sources:
1. https://www.mouthhealthy.org/en/az-topics/t/teeth-grinding
2. https://www.ada.org/~/media/ADA/Publications/Files/patient_49.ashx
3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482466/

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Abnormal Bite or Misaligned Teeth

The position of your jaw and teeth can influence teeth grinding [1]. If you have an abnormal bite (also called a malocclusion) or crooked teeth, you’re at greater risk to grind your teeth than someone who has proper jaw and teeth alignment.

Fortunately, most cases of malocclusion can be treated with oral appliances such as orthodontic treatment. People who have a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder may also be at increased risk to grind their teeth, and should seek treatment for this condition to potentially improve their bruxism [2].

Stress and Anxiety

Many cases of teeth grinding are suspected to be caused by stress [3]. People who experience chronic stress or suffer from an anxiety disorder may be more likely to grind their teeth either while asleep or awake.

Taking steps to reduce your stress and anxiety may help improve your bruxism; however, while you seek treatment, getting a mouthguard from your dentist is essential to protect your teeth from further damage.

Sleep Disorders

The link between bruxism and sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been well documented. People who have a sleep disorder such as sleep apnea are more likely to experience bruxism.

Fortunately, research suggests that treating sleep apnea may help eliminate bruxism entirely [4]. If you suspect you suffer from sleep apnea, your dentist can refer you to a sleep specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Other Causes

Other research has linked teeth grinding to tobacco use, smoking, and alcohol and drug abuse [5]. The reason for this isn’t exactly clear, but the association could mean people who use drugs, alcohol, and tobacco are more likely to grind their teeth.

Caffeine consumption has also been linked to bruxism, suggesting that people who suffer from teeth grinding may want to reduce or eliminate their caffeine consumption in the hours before bed to potentially help the disorder.

Don’t Ignore Bruxism!

Bruxism can wear down teeth over time, leading to flattened or shortened teeth, tooth sensitivity, and even teeth fractures. An exam with your dentist can tell if you grind your teeth and help uncover the cause to stop your bruxism and protect your teeth!

Sources:
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3529927/
2. https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/A_new_way_for_TMJ
3. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/teeth-grinding/
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14592147
5. https://jada.ada.org/article/S0002-8177(16)30541-4/fulltext

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