What Are the Most Common Dental Issues in Children and How Are They Treated?

September 23, 2024

Maintaining good oral health is crucial for children, as it lays the foundation for a lifetime of healthy teeth and gums. However, children often face various dental issues that can affect their comfort, confidence, and overall health. So, what are the most common dental problems children experience, and how are they treated?

Cavities

Cavities, also known as dental caries or tooth decay, are one of the most prevalent dental issues in children. In fact, 46% of children ages 2-19 have untreated or restored cavities [1].

Cavities occur when bacteria in the mouth produce acids that erode the tooth enamel. Poor oral hygiene, sugary snacks and drinks, and insufficient fluoride exposure contribute to the development of cavities in children.

Tooth decay can be treated by removing the decayed portion of the tooth and filling it with composite resin, a tooth-colored material. However, if caught early, fluoride treatments can help remineralize the enamel and reverse the damage, avoiding the need for a filling.

Tooth Sensitivity

Up to 57% of children may have dental erosion, often caused by worn enamel, cavities, or gum recession [2]. It can result in pain or discomfort when consuming hot, cold, sweet, or spicy foods and drinks.

Over-the-counter desensitizing toothpaste can help reduce sensitivity over time, but don’t overlook the importance of regular dental visits in alleviating the discomfort of tooth sensitivity in children.

Your dentist can apply fluoride gel to strengthen tooth enamel and reduce sensitivity in your child. Applying dental sealants may also protect the tooth surface and prevent further wear.

Orthodontic Problems

Children often experience misaligned jaws or teeth that can lead to problems with oral hygiene and jaw pain, as well as impact their confidence. Crowding, overbites, underbites, and crossbites are common in children due to genetics or habits such as thumb-sucking [3].

An orthodontist may recommend traditional metal braces or clear aligners to correct misalignment. Generally, the earlier you can have your child assessed for orthodontic treatment, the less intervention they’ll need. The American Academy of Orthodontists recommends having your child evaluated by age seven.

Gum Disease (Gingivitis)

Many people don’t realize that gum disease is common in children and teens. While it’s rare to see full-blown gum disease, gingivitis—the earliest stage of gum disease that includes red, swollen, and bleeding gums—affects up to 73% of children between the ages of 6 and 11 [4].

Treatment for gingivitis generally includes a thorough cleaning to remove plaque and tartar buildup, education on proper brushing and flossing techniques, and at-home care. With regular dental visits and proper oral hygiene, you can prevent gum disease in your child.

Dental Trauma

Children are often active and tend to play rough, leading to dental injuries such as chipped, cracked, or knocked-out teeth. Sports, falls, and accidents are common causes of dental trauma in kids.

Depending on the severity, dentists may recommend bonding, crowns, or veneers to restore the tooth’s appearance and function for chips and cracks.

Dental implants are generally not considered for children, as their jaws are still developing [5]. However, if your child has a knocked-out tooth and needs a replacement, an orthodontist can work with your dentist to retain the space so you can pursue dental implant treatment when your child is older.

Take the Best Care of Your Child’s Smile

Understanding the most common dental issues children face is essential for parents and guardians to ensure proper treatment and care. Regular dental check-ups, good oral hygiene practices, and early intervention are key to preventing these common dental problems and promoting healthy smiles. Take the best care of your child’s smile—schedule an appointment with a family dentist today!