Can Gum Disease Cause Other Health Problems?

December 26, 2024

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a common yet often overlooked oral health issue.

While many people may associate gum disease solely with bad breath and bleeding gums, the implications of this condition can extend far beyond the mouth.

Research increasingly suggests that gum disease can contribute to various systemic health problems, making it crucial to understand its potential effects on overall well-being.

Understanding Gum Disease

Gum disease begins with gingivitis, which is inflammation and irritation of the gums caused by plaque buildup. If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, where the inflammation extends deeper into the supporting structures of the teeth. This can cause gum recession and tooth mobility, potentially leading to tooth loss [1].

Heart Disease

Research shows that bacteria from gum disease that exist in the oral cavity can enter the bloodstream, leading to the formation of arterial plaque. The inflammation involved in this process can cause vascular damage in the body, resulting in an increased risk of heart disease and stroke [2].

Diabetes

Gum disease can also affect blood sugar control, making it more challenging for people with diabetes to manage the condition. Conversely, poorly controlled diabetes can worsen gum disease.

Diabetes can reduce saliva production while also increasing the amount of glucose, or sugar, in your saliva, which can make bacteria and plaque worse [3]. So, even if you don’t have gum disease, diabetes can increase your risk of developing the condition.

Respiratory Illnesses

Inhaling bacteria from gum disease that exist in the mouth can lead to respiratory infections and exacerbate conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The oral bacteria involved in gum disease are also capable of causing pneumonia [4]. It’s crucial for people who are more at risk for respiratory illnesses to take excellent care of their teeth and gums.

Pregnancy Complications

Gum disease is relatively common in pregnancy due to hormonal changes in the body. Pregnant women with gum disease may be at a higher risk for preterm labor and low birth weight babies due to the inflammatory response triggered by the disease [5]. Dental care is safe to receive while pregnant, so expecting mothers should never ignore bleeding, swollen, or receding gums.

Don’t Ignore the Signs of Gum Disease

Gum disease is more than just a dental concern—it can influence a wide array of health conditions. It’s essential to be aware of the potential health risks associated with gum disease, maintain good oral hygiene, and seek professional care. If you experience any symptoms of gum disease, contact your dentist today to schedule a check-up and take the first step towards better oral and overall health!